蒸汽鍋爐除垢頻次

『壹』 蒸汽洗車有什麼優點和弊端

隨著經濟的不斷發展，汽車行業快速的發展帶動了洗車服務的不斷進步，現在在洗車行業，傳統的洗車方式逐漸被新型的洗車手段取代，下面我們要提的是一種比較新型的洗車方式--蒸汽洗車，接下來，讓我們羅列一下蒸汽洗車的優缺點。

『貳』 麻煩把洗瓶機的設計資料發過來一下，相當感謝

我有洗瓶機圖紙。

目標如下

:

洗瓶機

增加洗瓶機的生產產量及整條包
裝線的生產效率

控制並降低在生產中水和鹼液的
消耗量

控制並降低洗瓶機洗出的臟瓶量

1

洗瓶機

洗瓶機的用途是從玻璃瓶中去處：
1 、 所有的臟物及啤酒殘留液

2.
3.

細菌、霉斑及酵母
標紙及標漿

最終在洗瓶機出口處排出的玻璃瓶
應該是涼的、
無菌的及明亮的玻璃瓶
裝酒機灌裝

, 且可適用於

2

BOTTLE WASHING

洗瓶機

To effectively wash bottles four main issues must be satisfied and controlled:
為有效地進行洗瓶，滿足並控制下列四點問題：

1. Temperature. The temperature control of the NaOH solutions and warm water tanks

溫度

2. Time.
時間

. 鹼液和溫水槽的溫度控制

The speed of the washer and therefore the time the bottles are exposed to the cleaning process
. 洗瓶機的運轉速度和玻璃瓶和各清洗工藝的接觸時間

3. NaOH. The % strength of both NaOH and the necessary additives

鹼液

. 鹼液和所需的添加劑的濃度

4. Scrubbing action. The physical action of the various internal and external bottle sprays

擦洗動作

. 瓶內和瓶外的各種噴洗的物理動作

3

12

1

11

2

10

4

9

3

8

5

7

6

1. Bottle Pre-rinse tank
瓶預浸槽
2. # 1 NaOH soak tank
1 號鹼液浸泡槽
3. # 2 NaOH soak tank
2 號鹼液浸泡槽
4. # 3 NaOH soak tank
3 號鹼液浸泡槽

5. Label removal sprays
除標噴淋
6. Label extractor
商標提取器
7. Internal NaOH sprays
鹼液內噴淋
8. Heat exchangers
熱交換器

9. Internal hot water sprays
熱水內噴淋
10. Internal warm water sprays
溫水內噴淋
11. External cold water sprays
清水外噴淋
12. Internal city water sprays
清水內噴淋

4

To effectively wash a bottle four main issues must be satisfied:
為有效地進行洗瓶，必須滿足下列四點問題：

1. Temperature . Heat, together with the time and NaOH, is necessary to achieve the germicidal cleaning of the bottle

溫度

.

熱量、時間與鹼液是產生無菌凈瓶的基本因素

•

•

•

Temperatures must be controlled ring heating and cooling of the bottles. Thermal shock will damage the bottles
必須控制溫度上升與下降時所產生的熱擊現象
否則會損壞玻璃瓶

Temperatures > 82 0 C will bake on any mould that is present in the bottle
溫度在 >82 0 C 時 ,高溫會加熱玻璃瓶內的霉斑
使霉斑滯留在瓶壁內

Temperatures < 76 0 C together with NaOH < 1% will not clean dirty bottles

溫度在

<760 C 及鹼液濃度

< 1% 時 ,會洗不凈玻璃瓶

•

Discharged bottles are cool to touch
洗瓶機排出口處的玻璃瓶手感應該是涼的

5

To effectively wash a bottle four main issues must be satisfied:
為有效地進行洗瓶，必須滿足下列四點問題：

2. Time.
時間

The time required for the bottles to be exposed to temperature, NaOH and pressure sprays
. 與瓶體接觸所需的溫度、鹼液和壓力噴淋的時間

• The bottles require time to heat up to the specified temperatures and cool down ready for filling with beer
玻璃瓶需要時間來加熱及降溫到特定的溫度
以滿足到裝酒機處的灌裝要求

• Time for the NaOH to penetrate and remove the label and glue from the bottle
鹼液需要時間來浸透標紙和溶解標漿

• Time for the sprays inside the bottle to remove the dirt and mould
噴淋水需要時間來去除玻璃瓶內的臟物和霉斑

• Time for the bottles and bottle carriers to drain off the NaOH solution before the next treatment section
and time to fully drain the final rinse water before discharging from the washer

在進入到下一個浸泡區
以及玻璃瓶排出洗瓶機前
玻璃瓶排出後清水噴淋水所需的總的排水時間

,玻璃瓶和載瓶架所需的排鹼液時間

6

3. NaOH.

To effectively wash a bottle four main issues must be satisfied:
為有效地進行洗瓶，必須滿足下列四點問題：

Together with temperature and time NaOH is required to sterilise the bottles

鹼液

. 包括溫度和時間

,玻璃瓶需要鹼液對玻璃瓶進行無菌處理

• Benefits of NaOH. 鹼液的益處

- NaOH is an aggressive alkali that reacts with soils to form soluble salts
鹼液是一種能與臟物發生反應的侵蝕性鹼
從而分解出溶解鹽

• Ddisadvantages of NaOH

鹼液的缺陷

- NaOH has no soil suspending power. The insoluble compounds will redeposit on the bottle and in the washer

鹼液對臟物無懸浮力
洗瓶機內

.溶解成分將會重新沉澱在玻璃瓶內及

- NaOH is difficult to rinse from the bottle without additives
未添加添加劑的鹼液不容易從玻璃瓶內清洗掉

- NaOH does not prevent the formation of scale
鹼液不會預防垢的生成

7

3.

To effectively wash a bottle four main issues must be satisfied:
為有效地進行洗瓶，必須滿足下列四點問題

NaOH plus additives 往鹼液內添加添加劑

Benefits of additives: - Controls the foam in the NaOH tanks

添加劑的益處

: 控制鹼槽的起沫現象

- Ccontrols the scale formation on the bottle carriers and warm water sections
控制載瓶架和溫水區的結垢現象

- Suspends solids in the solution
溶液內的懸浮臟物

- Reces the time required to clean the bottle
降低所需的清潔玻璃瓶的時間

- Improves the final rinsing of the bottle
改善後清水噴淋處玻璃瓶的清潔度

- Prevents the scale formed by label paper containing aluminum
預防由於含有鋁的標紙而形成的結垢現象

8

To effectively wash a bottle four main issues must be satisfied:
為有效地進行洗瓶，必須滿足下列四點問題：

4. Scrubbing action. The jetting inside and outside the bottle giving the rubbing action to remove soil

擦洗動作

. 玻璃瓶內、外的噴淋水的噴淋會產生擦洗
動作 ,從而去除臟物

• Alignment of the sprays with the mouth of the bottle is essential to effectively remove
dirt and mould from the inside the bottle

非常有必要校正噴嘴的位置
從而有效地去除玻璃瓶內的臟物和霉斑

,使其對准玻璃瓶瓶口

• The sprays entering the inside the bottle gives an equal heating and cooling to the bottle
and will rece the thermal shock to the bottles
進入到玻璃瓶內的噴淋水會給予瓶體同樣能量來加熱

和降溫瓶體

,從而降低熱擊現象發生的頻次

9

To effectively wash a bottle four main issues must be satisfied:
為有效地進行洗瓶，必須滿足下列四點問題：

4. Scrubbing action.

擦洗動作

.

•

•

It is essential to ensure that the pump filter screens are always clean
非常有必要將泵過濾網始終保持清潔狀態

Spray nozzles must be checked on a regular frequency to ensure that they are not blocked or missing
必須以一定的頻次檢查噴嘴狀態以確保噴嘴
未被堵塞或者丟失

10

12

1

11

2

10

4

9

3

8

5

7

6

1. Bottle Pre-rinse tank
瓶預浸槽
2. # 1 NaOH soak tank
1 號鹼液浸泡槽
3. # 2 NaOH soak tank
2 號鹼液浸泡槽
4. # 3 NaOH soak tank
3 號鹼液浸泡槽

5. Label removal sprays
除標噴淋
6. Label extractor
商標提取器
7. Internal NaOH sprays
鹼液內噴淋
8. Heat exchangers
熱交換器

9. Internal hot water sprays
熱水內噴淋
10. Internal warm water sprays
溫水內噴淋
11. External cold water sprays
外清水噴淋
12. Internal city water sprays
內清水噴淋

11

BOTTLE WASHING - FOAM (1) 洗瓶機

Foam is the # 1 enemy of effective bottle washing
泡沫是洗瓶機有效進行洗瓶的頭號敵人

- 泡沫

•

The pumps pump air with the NaOH solution and the bottles will not be internally cleaned.
Fluctuating pressure gauges indicate air is present.
如果泵出的鹼液內混有空氣 ,將使瓶子內部得不到徹底的清洗
壓力表壓力指針的波動表明出現了這種情況

• Excessive foam from the label extractors will carry out NaOH with the foam
contributing to high NaOH usage and pollution

商標提取器排出的泡沫越多
這會導致鹼液消耗量的增加和污染的環境

,帶出鹼液也就越多

• Foam will increase the liquid carry over on the bottles and carriers into the next compartments and
contaminate the final rinse sections with NaOH .

泡沫會增加瓶體上所攜帶的液體量
最終造成後清洗噴淋水被鹼液污染現象的發生

,並隨瓶子進入下一個槽區

12

BOTTLE WASHING - FOAM (2) 洗瓶機

Foam is the # 1 enemy of effective bottle washing
泡沫是洗瓶機有效進行洗瓶的頭號敵人

- 泡沫

• Foaming will contribute to the break up of label paper because of the delay in removing the labels from the washer.
The pulped labels will block the filter screens and spray nozzles in the washer
商標滯留在洗瓶機內部的時間過長時

泡沫會使標紙破碎

,標漿會堵塞洗瓶機的濾網和噴嘴

• The labels will settle on top of the foam in the compartments and not sink to allow the label extractors
to remove the labels from the washer.
商標會滯留在各槽區泡沫層上部
而不是沉在底部被洗瓶機的商標提取器除掉

13

BOTTLE WASHING - FOAM (3) 洗瓶機

Foam is the # 1 enemy of effective bottle washing
泡沫是洗瓶機有效進行洗瓶的頭號敵人

Possible causes of foam formation:
產生泡沫的可能性原因

• Blocked pump filters and/ or blocked spray nozzles (high pump pressure) will make foam.
泵過濾器濾網堵塞和 / 或噴嘴堵塞（泵壓力過高）將產生泡沫

• Leaking heat exchangers or steam condensate piped into the main soak compartment.
熱交換器滲漏或蒸汽冷凝水進入到主槽區

• When the NaOH solution is < 50 0 C, ring the warm up period, foaming will occur.
當鹼液溫度低於 50度時
在加熱過程中會產生出泡沫

- 泡沫

• The addition of good quality NaOH additives is essential for consistently clean bright bottles,
the rection of foam and scale inside the bottle washer.
對總是能夠洗出的明亮玻璃瓶和減少洗瓶機內存在的泡沫和

垢來說

,添加質量優良的鹼液添加劑是非常有必要的

14

BOTTLE WASHING - SCALE

The problems with scale formation:
結垢的問題：

洗瓶機

- 結垢

• Scale increases NaOH usage e to NaOH solution sticking to the bottle carriers and pockets and
carrying over to the next tank.

由於鹼液會滯留在載瓶斗與載瓶架上
到下一個槽區 ,這樣載瓶斗與載瓶架上結垢現象會增加
鹼的耗用量

,而其會循環進入

• Scale promotes bacteria growth in the warm water sections with the possibility of contributing
to the sour taste in the bottled beer.
結垢現象會促進細菌在溫水區滋生現象的發生
且有可能造成品酒的酸味

• Scale blocks pumps and spray nozzles
結垢現象會將泵和噴嘴堵塞

• De-scaling of the warm water sections and pumps is expensive, time consuming, a safety hazard
and damages the equipment.

對溫水區和泵進行除垢的費用高昂
安全和容易對設備造成損害等隱患

,且存在耗時、

15

BOTTLE WASHER - CAUSTIC USAGE

(1)

洗瓶機

- 鹼消耗量

•

Most single end bottle washers are able to wash 140 000 bottles for every M
in the soak tanks before the NaOH solution has to be disposed of.
在排放掉鹼液之前，大多數單端出口洗瓶機浸泡槽
內的每立方米鹼液能夠清洗 140 000個瓶子
Excessive NaOH usage is caused by:
鹼液消耗量過高是由下列原因引起的：

Disposing of the NaOH solution before it is necessary wastes water and NaOH.
在有必要排放廢水與廢鹼之前 ,提前排放鹼液

3 of NaOH solution

• Running the machine above design speed.
洗瓶機的運行速度高於設計速度

• Foaming within the washer.
洗瓶機內有泡沫

16

BOTTLE WASHER - CAUSTIC USAGE

Excessive NaOH usage is caused by:
鹼液消耗量過高是由下列原因引起的

(2)

洗瓶機

- 鹼消耗量

• Running the NaOH concentration greater than specification
洗瓶機內鹼液濃度大於標准要求的鹼液濃度

• Scaled bottle carriers and pockets.
載瓶架、載瓶斗結垢

• Labels containing aluminium. Aluminium will neutralise NaOH

標紙中含有鋁

,鋁會中和鹼液

17

BOTTLE WASHER - WATER USAGE

洗瓶機

- 耗水量

To rinse with each bottle 0.35 to 0. 65 liters of city water is required.
For a washer running at 22 000 BPH this is 8 to 14 tons of water / hour

清洗每一個玻璃瓶的耗水量為
22 000瓶 / 每小時包裝線的耗水量為

Excessive water usage is caused by:
耗水量過高是由下列原因引起的：

• Leaking water valves that fill the various tanks.
各槽區供水閥門泄漏

0.35－ 0.65升
8－ 14噸

• Final internal spray nozzles larger than manufacturers specification. (2 mm).
後清水噴淋噴嘴內徑比廠家標准大 (2毫米

• Final rinse water pressure recing valve set too high ( 0.08 - 0.12 Mpa)

)

後清水噴淋壓力調節閥設置過高

• When the machine stops, the final rinse sprays must also stop
洗瓶機停機時 ,後清水噴淋也必須停止噴淋動作

(0.08 - 0.12 Mpa)

18

Hand Valve
手動閥

Fresh Water
凈水

Pump filter screen inserted here
泵的濾板在此插入

25 mm pipe with water spray holes drilled in to flush off the dirty
filter screen.
直徑為 25mm 的噴水管
噴水孔朝向濾板
沖洗上面的臟物

Hand Rails
走台護欄

Stainless Steel box bigger than the filter screens to
be cleaned
不銹鋼沖洗箱，
寬度大於濾板寬度

Dirt and water
out
排污口

Bottle washer pump filter screen cleaning box
洗瓶機泵濾板清洗箱

19

ISSUES EFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF BOTTLE WASHING MACHINES
影響洗瓶機性能的泡沫問題

Issues effecting performance
影響性能的問題
Contributing causes:
由下列因素造成：
1.1 Poorly formulated NaOH
and
additives.

Reasons and comments
原因及意見
The pumps pump air with the NaOH solution and the
bottles will not be internally cleaned. Fluctuating pressure
gauges indicate air is present.
泵打出的帶有鹼液的空氣及瓶內得不到清洗，不穩定的壓
力表表明有空氣存在。

劑。

配比不合格的

NaOH 及添加

The labels will settle on top of the foam in the
compartments and not sink to allow the label extractors to

1.2 Leaking pump glands.
泵密封處滲漏。
1.3 Leaking heat exchangers.
熱交換器滲漏。
1.4 Temperatures <500 C.
溫度小於 50 ℃

remove them from the machine.
商標會停留在泡沫上而不是沉在底部被除掉。
Foaming will contribute to the break up of label paper
because of the delay in removing them from the machine.
由於除商標耽閣，泡沫會使標紙破碎。
During the warm up period and the NaOH solution is
<500C foaming will occur.
在加熱過程中， NaOH 溶液小於 50 度，會形成泡沫。
Presence of foam increases the carbonate level much faster
by absorbing CO2.
泡沫使鈣含量增加，比吸收的 CO2 使鈣含量增加快得多。

20

ISSUES EFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF BOTTLE WASHING MACHINES
影響洗瓶機性能的泡沫問題

Issues effecting performance
影響性能的問題
1.5 Steam condensate piped
into the main soak

Reasons and comments
原因及意見
Excessive foam from the label extractors will carry out
NaOH with it contributing to waste and pollution

compartment.

來自除標系統的過量泡沫帶出

NaOH ，因而導致浪費和污染

蒸汽冷凝水回到主鹼槽內。
1.6 High pump pressures.
泵壓力過高。
1.7 Blocked pump filters and
spray
nozzles.
泵過濾器及噴嘴阻塞。

Foam will increase the liquid carry over on the bottles and
carriers into the next compartments and so contaminate the
final rinse sections with NaOH.
泡沫會使液體殘留在瓶上，隨載瓶架進入下一個槽內，進而
NaOH 污染清水噴淋。
Condensate discharged into the solution will flash into steam
and aerate the solution. Better to send the condensate to
waste or better still to return to the boiler house if it is not
contaminated with NaOH.
排入鹼液中的冷凝水會形成蒸汽而使溶液中形成泡沫。如果
冷凝水沒被 NaOH 污染的話，最好回收到鍋爐房。
The label extractors are not as effective when foam is
present.
有泡沫時，除標系統不能有效地工作。

21

我有原始的PDF文件，你要的話我可以發與你

『叄』 啤酒洗瓶機的開機流程是

我有洗瓶機圖紙。

目標如下

:

洗瓶機

增加洗瓶機的生產產量及整條包
裝線的生產效率

控制並降低在生產中水和鹼液的
消耗量

控制並降低洗瓶機洗出的臟瓶量

1

洗瓶機

洗瓶機的用途是從玻璃瓶中去處：
1 、 所有的臟物及啤酒殘留液

2.
3.

細菌、霉斑及酵母
標紙及標漿

最終在洗瓶機出口處排出的玻璃瓶
應該是涼的、
無菌的及明亮的玻璃瓶
裝酒機灌裝

, 且可適用於

2

BOTTLE WASHING

洗瓶機

To effectively wash bottles four main issues must be satisfied and controlled:
為有效地進行洗瓶，滿足並控制下列四點問題：

1. Temperature. The temperature control of the NaOH solutions and warm water tanks

溫度

2. Time.
時間

. 鹼液和溫水槽的溫度控制

The speed of the washer and therefore the time the bottles are exposed to the cleaning process
. 洗瓶機的運轉速度和玻璃瓶和各清洗工藝的接觸時間

3. NaOH. The % strength of both NaOH and the necessary additives

鹼液

. 鹼液和所需的添加劑的濃度

4. Scrubbing action. The physical action of the various internal and external bottle sprays

擦洗動作

. 瓶內和瓶外的各種噴洗的物理動作

3

12

1

11

2

10

4

9

3

8

5

7

6

1. Bottle Pre-rinse tank
瓶預浸槽
2. # 1 NaOH soak tank
1 號鹼液浸泡槽
3. # 2 NaOH soak tank
2 號鹼液浸泡槽
4. # 3 NaOH soak tank
3 號鹼液浸泡槽

5. Label removal sprays
除標噴淋
6. Label extractor
商標提取器
7. Internal NaOH sprays
鹼液內噴淋
8. Heat exchangers
熱交換器

9. Internal hot water sprays
熱水內噴淋
10. Internal warm water sprays
溫水內噴淋
11. External cold water sprays
清水外噴淋
12. Internal city water sprays
清水內噴淋

4

To effectively wash a bottle four main issues must be satisfied:
為有效地進行洗瓶，必須滿足下列四點問題：

1. Temperature . Heat, together with the time and NaOH, is necessary to achieve the germicidal cleaning of the bottle

溫度

.

熱量、時間與鹼液是產生無菌凈瓶的基本因素

•

•

•

Temperatures must be controlled ring heating and cooling of the bottles. Thermal shock will damage the bottles
必須控制溫度上升與下降時所產生的熱擊現象
否則會損壞玻璃瓶

Temperatures > 82 0 C will bake on any mould that is present in the bottle
溫度在 >82 0 C 時 ,高溫會加熱玻璃瓶內的霉斑
使霉斑滯留在瓶壁內

Temperatures < 76 0 C together with NaOH < 1% will not clean dirty bottles

溫度在

<760 C 及鹼液濃度

< 1% 時 ,會洗不凈玻璃瓶

•

Discharged bottles are cool to touch
洗瓶機排出口處的玻璃瓶手感應該是涼的

5

To effectively wash a bottle four main issues must be satisfied:
為有效地進行洗瓶，必須滿足下列四點問題：

2. Time.
時間

The time required for the bottles to be exposed to temperature, NaOH and pressure sprays
. 與瓶體接觸所需的溫度、鹼液和壓力噴淋的時間

• The bottles require time to heat up to the specified temperatures and cool down ready for filling with beer
玻璃瓶需要時間來加熱及降溫到特定的溫度
以滿足到裝酒機處的灌裝要求

• Time for the NaOH to penetrate and remove the label and glue from the bottle
鹼液需要時間來浸透標紙和溶解標漿

• Time for the sprays inside the bottle to remove the dirt and mould
噴淋水需要時間來去除玻璃瓶內的臟物和霉斑

• Time for the bottles and bottle carriers to drain off the NaOH solution before the next treatment section
and time to fully drain the final rinse water before discharging from the washer

在進入到下一個浸泡區
以及玻璃瓶排出洗瓶機前
玻璃瓶排出後清水噴淋水所需的總的排水時間

,玻璃瓶和載瓶架所需的排鹼液時間

6

3. NaOH.

To effectively wash a bottle four main issues must be satisfied:
為有效地進行洗瓶，必須滿足下列四點問題：

Together with temperature and time NaOH is required to sterilise the bottles

鹼液

. 包括溫度和時間

,玻璃瓶需要鹼液對玻璃瓶進行無菌處理

• Benefits of NaOH. 鹼液的益處

- NaOH is an aggressive alkali that reacts with soils to form soluble salts
鹼液是一種能與臟物發生反應的侵蝕性鹼
從而分解出溶解鹽

• Ddisadvantages of NaOH

鹼液的缺陷

- NaOH has no soil suspending power. The insoluble compounds will redeposit on the bottle and in the washer

鹼液對臟物無懸浮力
洗瓶機內

.溶解成分將會重新沉澱在玻璃瓶內及

- NaOH is difficult to rinse from the bottle without additives
未添加添加劑的鹼液不容易從玻璃瓶內清洗掉

- NaOH does not prevent the formation of scale
鹼液不會預防垢的生成

7

3.

To effectively wash a bottle four main issues must be satisfied:
為有效地進行洗瓶，必須滿足下列四點問題

NaOH plus additives 往鹼液內添加添加劑

Benefits of additives: - Controls the foam in the NaOH tanks

添加劑的益處

: 控制鹼槽的起沫現象

- Ccontrols the scale formation on the bottle carriers and warm water sections
控制載瓶架和溫水區的結垢現象

- Suspends solids in the solution
溶液內的懸浮臟物

- Reces the time required to clean the bottle
降低所需的清潔玻璃瓶的時間

- Improves the final rinsing of the bottle
改善後清水噴淋處玻璃瓶的清潔度

- Prevents the scale formed by label paper containing aluminum
預防由於含有鋁的標紙而形成的結垢現象

8

To effectively wash a bottle four main issues must be satisfied:
為有效地進行洗瓶，必須滿足下列四點問題：

4. Scrubbing action. The jetting inside and outside the bottle giving the rubbing action to remove soil

擦洗動作

. 玻璃瓶內、外的噴淋水的噴淋會產生擦洗
動作 ,從而去除臟物

• Alignment of the sprays with the mouth of the bottle is essential to effectively remove
dirt and mould from the inside the bottle

非常有必要校正噴嘴的位置
從而有效地去除玻璃瓶內的臟物和霉斑

,使其對准玻璃瓶瓶口

• The sprays entering the inside the bottle gives an equal heating and cooling to the bottle
and will rece the thermal shock to the bottles
進入到玻璃瓶內的噴淋水會給予瓶體同樣能量來加熱

和降溫瓶體

,從而降低熱擊現象發生的頻次

9

To effectively wash a bottle four main issues must be satisfied:
為有效地進行洗瓶，必須滿足下列四點問題：

4. Scrubbing action.

擦洗動作

.

•

•

It is essential to ensure that the pump filter screens are always clean
非常有必要將泵過濾網始終保持清潔狀態

Spray nozzles must be checked on a regular frequency to ensure that they are not blocked or missing
必須以一定的頻次檢查噴嘴狀態以確保噴嘴
未被堵塞或者丟失

10

12

1

11

2

10

4

9

3

8

5

7

6

1. Bottle Pre-rinse tank
瓶預浸槽
2. # 1 NaOH soak tank
1 號鹼液浸泡槽
3. # 2 NaOH soak tank
2 號鹼液浸泡槽
4. # 3 NaOH soak tank
3 號鹼液浸泡槽

5. Label removal sprays
除標噴淋
6. Label extractor
商標提取器
7. Internal NaOH sprays
鹼液內噴淋
8. Heat exchangers
熱交換器

9. Internal hot water sprays
熱水內噴淋
10. Internal warm water sprays
溫水內噴淋
11. External cold water sprays
外清水噴淋
12. Internal city water sprays
內清水噴淋

11

BOTTLE WASHING - FOAM (1) 洗瓶機

Foam is the # 1 enemy of effective bottle washing
泡沫是洗瓶機有效進行洗瓶的頭號敵人

- 泡沫

•

The pumps pump air with the NaOH solution and the bottles will not be internally cleaned.
Fluctuating pressure gauges indicate air is present.
如果泵出的鹼液內混有空氣 ,將使瓶子內部得不到徹底的清洗
壓力表壓力指針的波動表明出現了這種情況

• Excessive foam from the label extractors will carry out NaOH with the foam
contributing to high NaOH usage and pollution

商標提取器排出的泡沫越多
這會導致鹼液消耗量的增加和污染的環境

,帶出鹼液也就越多

• Foam will increase the liquid carry over on the bottles and carriers into the next compartments and
contaminate the final rinse sections with NaOH .

泡沫會增加瓶體上所攜帶的液體量
最終造成後清洗噴淋水被鹼液污染現象的發生

,並隨瓶子進入下一個槽區

12

BOTTLE WASHING - FOAM (2) 洗瓶機

Foam is the # 1 enemy of effective bottle washing
泡沫是洗瓶機有效進行洗瓶的頭號敵人

- 泡沫

• Foaming will contribute to the break up of label paper because of the delay in removing the labels from the washer.
The pulped labels will block the filter screens and spray nozzles in the washer
商標滯留在洗瓶機內部的時間過長時

泡沫會使標紙破碎

,標漿會堵塞洗瓶機的濾網和噴嘴

• The labels will settle on top of the foam in the compartments and not sink to allow the label extractors
to remove the labels from the washer.
商標會滯留在各槽區泡沫層上部
而不是沉在底部被洗瓶機的商標提取器除掉

13

BOTTLE WASHING - FOAM (3) 洗瓶機

Foam is the # 1 enemy of effective bottle washing
泡沫是洗瓶機有效進行洗瓶的頭號敵人

Possible causes of foam formation:
產生泡沫的可能性原因

• Blocked pump filters and/ or blocked spray nozzles (high pump pressure) will make foam.
泵過濾器濾網堵塞和 / 或噴嘴堵塞（泵壓力過高）將產生泡沫

• Leaking heat exchangers or steam condensate piped into the main soak compartment.
熱交換器滲漏或蒸汽冷凝水進入到主槽區

• When the NaOH solution is < 50 0 C, ring the warm up period, foaming will occur.
當鹼液溫度低於 50度時
在加熱過程中會產生出泡沫

- 泡沫

• The addition of good quality NaOH additives is essential for consistently clean bright bottles,
the rection of foam and scale inside the bottle washer.
對總是能夠洗出的明亮玻璃瓶和減少洗瓶機內存在的泡沫和

垢來說

,添加質量優良的鹼液添加劑是非常有必要的

14

BOTTLE WASHING - SCALE

The problems with scale formation:
結垢的問題：

洗瓶機

- 結垢

• Scale increases NaOH usage e to NaOH solution sticking to the bottle carriers and pockets and
carrying over to the next tank.

由於鹼液會滯留在載瓶斗與載瓶架上
到下一個槽區 ,這樣載瓶斗與載瓶架上結垢現象會增加
鹼的耗用量

,而其會循環進入

• Scale promotes bacteria growth in the warm water sections with the possibility of contributing
to the sour taste in the bottled beer.
結垢現象會促進細菌在溫水區滋生現象的發生
且有可能造成品酒的酸味

• Scale blocks pumps and spray nozzles
結垢現象會將泵和噴嘴堵塞

• De-scaling of the warm water sections and pumps is expensive, time consuming, a safety hazard
and damages the equipment.

對溫水區和泵進行除垢的費用高昂
安全和容易對設備造成損害等隱患

,且存在耗時、

15

BOTTLE WASHER - CAUSTIC USAGE

(1)

洗瓶機

- 鹼消耗量

•

Most single end bottle washers are able to wash 140 000 bottles for every M
in the soak tanks before the NaOH solution has to be disposed of.
在排放掉鹼液之前，大多數單端出口洗瓶機浸泡槽
內的每立方米鹼液能夠清洗 140 000個瓶子
Excessive NaOH usage is caused by:
鹼液消耗量過高是由下列原因引起的：

Disposing of the NaOH solution before it is necessary wastes water and NaOH.
在有必要排放廢水與廢鹼之前 ,提前排放鹼液

3 of NaOH solution

• Running the machine above design speed.
洗瓶機的運行速度高於設計速度

• Foaming within the washer.
洗瓶機內有泡沫

16

BOTTLE WASHER - CAUSTIC USAGE

Excessive NaOH usage is caused by:
鹼液消耗量過高是由下列原因引起的

(2)

洗瓶機

- 鹼消耗量

• Running the NaOH concentration greater than specification
洗瓶機內鹼液濃度大於標准要求的鹼液濃度

• Scaled bottle carriers and pockets.
載瓶架、載瓶斗結垢

• Labels containing aluminium. Aluminium will neutralise NaOH

標紙中含有鋁

,鋁會中和鹼液

17

BOTTLE WASHER - WATER USAGE

洗瓶機

- 耗水量

To rinse with each bottle 0.35 to 0. 65 liters of city water is required.
For a washer running at 22 000 BPH this is 8 to 14 tons of water / hour

清洗每一個玻璃瓶的耗水量為
22 000瓶 / 每小時包裝線的耗水量為

Excessive water usage is caused by:
耗水量過高是由下列原因引起的：

• Leaking water valves that fill the various tanks.
各槽區供水閥門泄漏

0.35－ 0.65升
8－ 14噸

• Final internal spray nozzles larger than manufacturers specification. (2 mm).
後清水噴淋噴嘴內徑比廠家標准大 (2毫米

• Final rinse water pressure recing valve set too high ( 0.08 - 0.12 Mpa)

)

後清水噴淋壓力調節閥設置過高

• When the machine stops, the final rinse sprays must also stop
洗瓶機停機時 ,後清水噴淋也必須停止噴淋動作

(0.08 - 0.12 Mpa)

18

Hand Valve
手動閥

Fresh Water
凈水

Pump filter screen inserted here
泵的濾板在此插入

25 mm pipe with water spray holes drilled in to flush off the dirty
filter screen.
直徑為 25mm 的噴水管
噴水孔朝向濾板
沖洗上面的臟物

Hand Rails
走台護欄

Stainless Steel box bigger than the filter screens to
be cleaned
不銹鋼沖洗箱，
寬度大於濾板寬度

Dirt and water
out
排污口

Bottle washer pump filter screen cleaning box
洗瓶機泵濾板清洗箱

19

ISSUES EFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF BOTTLE WASHING MACHINES
影響洗瓶機性能的泡沫問題

Issues effecting performance
影響性能的問題
Contributing causes:
由下列因素造成：
1.1 Poorly formulated NaOH
and
additives.

Reasons and comments
原因及意見
The pumps pump air with the NaOH solution and the
bottles will not be internally cleaned. Fluctuating pressure
gauges indicate air is present.
泵打出的帶有鹼液的空氣及瓶內得不到清洗，不穩定的壓
力表表明有空氣存在。

劑。

配比不合格的

NaOH 及添加

The labels will settle on top of the foam in the
compartments and not sink to allow the label extractors to

1.2 Leaking pump glands.
泵密封處滲漏。
1.3 Leaking heat exchangers.
熱交換器滲漏。
1.4 Temperatures <500 C.
溫度小於 50 ℃

remove them from the machine.
商標會停留在泡沫上而不是沉在底部被除掉。
Foaming will contribute to the break up of label paper
because of the delay in removing them from the machine.
由於除商標耽閣，泡沫會使標紙破碎。
During the warm up period and the NaOH solution is
<500C foaming will occur.
在加熱過程中， NaOH 溶液小於 50 度，會形成泡沫。
Presence of foam increases the carbonate level much faster
by absorbing CO2.
泡沫使鈣含量增加，比吸收的 CO2 使鈣含量增加快得多。

20

ISSUES EFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF BOTTLE WASHING MACHINES
影響洗瓶機性能的泡沫問題

Issues effecting performance
影響性能的問題
1.5 Steam condensate piped
into the main soak

Reasons and comments
原因及意見
Excessive foam from the label extractors will carry out
NaOH with it contributing to waste and pollution

compartment.

來自除標系統的過量泡沫帶出

NaOH ，因而導致浪費和污染

蒸汽冷凝水回到主鹼槽內。
1.6 High pump pressures.
泵壓力過高。
1.7 Blocked pump filters and
spray
nozzles.
泵過濾器及噴嘴阻塞。

Foam will increase the liquid carry over on the bottles and
carriers into the next compartments and so contaminate the
final rinse sections with NaOH.
泡沫會使液體殘留在瓶上，隨載瓶架進入下一個槽內，進而
NaOH 污染清水噴淋。
Condensate discharged into the solution will flash into steam
and aerate the solution. Better to send the condensate to
waste or better still to return to the boiler house if it is not
contaminated with NaOH.
排入鹼液中的冷凝水會形成蒸汽而使溶液中形成泡沫。如果
冷凝水沒被 NaOH 污染的話，最好回收到鍋爐房。
The label extractors are not as effective when foam is
present.
有泡沫時，除標系統不能有效地工作。

『肆』 鍋爐工主要做什麼

1、保證鍋爐正常運行：嚴格遵守各項操作規程和各項規章制度，搞好鍋爐運行，為生產車間提供服務 嚴格控制工藝指標，確保供氣壓力穩定。 鍋爐運行時要對汽壓、液壓、鼓風、引鳳、及時調整與控制，確保鍋爐安全運行 。

2、爐內添加合格爐水，按規定時間，頻次排污，延長鍋爐使用壽命 ，負責對運行設備定時巡檢、潤滑。 發現問題及時匯報，及時搶修， 保護好爐膛、耐火磚牆。 充分發揮省煤器作用， 對鍋爐離子水的質量負責。

3、做好相關記錄。認真填寫鍋爐運行記錄 認真填寫交接班記錄 。完成生產部經理交辦的其他任務。 有權對鍋爐運行中遇到的問題，提出相關措施有權對本職工作范圍內提出相關建議和措施。

(4)蒸汽鍋爐除垢頻次擴展閱讀

要成為一名司爐工應具備以下基本素質與技能。

凡年滿18周歲，身體健康，沒有妨礙司爐作業的疾病和生理缺陷的人員，須經過3個月的司爐實習操作，然後再參加具有資質的「司爐工培訓考核站」的理論培訓，經實踐與理論考核合格，並取得司爐工的上崗操作證，這是首要條件。

還應該熟悉所操作鍋爐的結構以及各種輔機和安全附件的操作方法，並能對鍋爐及輔機進行日常的調整和保養。當然，有較強的工作責任心，防止事故發生，這點對一名司爐工是非常重要的。

『伍』 蒸汽洗車的利與弊

蒸汽洗車的利：

1、能適應節能環保的大市場趨勢 

2、能適應各種場所的洗車服務 

3、能進行全方位洗車 

4、能將清洗提高為精洗 

蒸汽洗車的弊：

1、蒸汽洗車需要小型的高壓容器(鍋爐)產汽其內置，電熱管接觸水，易損壞，水帶電，存在爆炸的安全隱患。 

2、蒸汽洗車鍋爐容易結垢，清理麻煩，造成熱效率不高，每個月要除垢一次，葯水成本要近百元。 

3、蒸汽洗車燒水產汽需要較長時間預熱，冷機預熱要十幾分鍾浪費能源，而且車主長時間等待造成滿意度下降。 

4、持續放汽下，隨著蒸汽的流出，加熱產的蒸汽跟不上供應，噴出的蒸汽壓力會衰減，洗車效率和效果差。 

5、由於蒸汽壓力小和產氣量的不足造成洗輛車耗時耗工多，加大工人工作強度。

(5)蒸汽鍋爐除垢頻次擴展閱讀：

蒸汽洗車主要是蒸汽可全面清洗汽車的各個部位；而最重要的是蒸汽洗車不是單純的高壓加冷水的沖洗過程，而是通過蒸汽乾燥的特性，以適當的壓力和溫度全面地對汽車每個細微部位進行清潔、殺菌、消毒、除味，達到更的洗車清潔度，將簡單的清洗提高為精洗，更密切關繫到車主的健康問題。

蒸汽洗車-網路

『陸』 請問蒸汽鍋爐水質化驗是幾小時做一次規定此標準的國家特種設備安全技術規范的文號是多少謝謝！急~~~~~

GB/T 16811-2018里對每個指標都作出了化驗周期規定。可以參考。
TSG G5002-2010中也有相關規定但是不太詳細